There is no room for individual identity in South African literature Essay Example

There is no space for singular personality in South African writing Essay Writing has frequently been utilized as device to catch a feeling of the self in the public arena. The issue has unmistakably had congruity in South Africa since the presentation of politically-sanctioned racial segregation strategies. Politically-sanctioned racial segregation was the arrangement of lawful racial isolation forced by the National Party legislature of South Africa somewhere in the range of 1948 and 19931. Under politically-sanctioned racial segregation whites were given a political-racial character which was equivalent with prevalence. The hued characters in Athol Fugards play Boesman and Lena were left vulnerable by the prejudice, as Lenas tune delineates when she sings about how Boesman isn't only a name, it is additionally a mark and a recognizable proof of ones culture. The feeling of independence seems to have been supplanted by the need to adjust in a noxious, isolated society. The idea of being presented to such an antagonistic land is talked about in sonnets, for example, Landscape of Violence, where Currey utilizes a comparison to compare the governmental issues of South Africa at the chance to hailstorms, demonstrating exactly how devastating the aftereffects of partiality can be. We will compose a custom exposition test on There is no space for singular personality in South African writing explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on There is no space for singular character in South African writing explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on There is no space for singular personality in South African writing explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer For sure, those got outside the agreeable existence of the tip top are portrayed as having just a pony to protect them from the hail. Racial biases are by a long shot the most clear limitation on close to home personality; the characters I have considered are characterized as a matter of first importance by the shade of their skin. In spite of the fact that Afrikanerdom considered itself to be socially particular from the English-speaking South Africans, the two gatherings practiced politically-sanctioned racial segregation strategies to aggrieve dark or shaded Africans, driving them into acquiescence. The way that Fugards Boesman and Lena starts with A hued man uggests that everything from that second forward has been as aftereffect of his skin shading. Fugard goes further to show that Lena is profoundly distraught because of being shaded; her fantasies about rehashing herself are met by Boesmans What do you think you are? A white madam? featuring that there are unmistakable cutoff points to her prospects. Outa is ever just alluded to by Boesman as a kaffir, ignoring any character the character may have and putting together his bias simply with respect to his societal position. In Landscapes of Violence, Currey underwrites Fugards see that politically-sanctioned racial segregation catalyzes the loss of character when he composes that racial perspectives, [are] like snakes And each earthy colored and white youngster wakes/Beside a sloughed-off affection one day, the metaphor here recommends peril; racial mentalities will crawl up, and simply like the chomp of a snake penetrates your blood a little bit at a time, they will invade philosophy. The similitude of the shed snake skin recommends the racial contempt in South Africa is a made wonder which has taken blamelessness from the recently coordinated society. The dehumanizing and depersonalizing impacts of politically-sanctioned racial segregation are demonstrated at this point considerably more unmistakably in Unto Dust, where Oom Schalk Lourens compares individuals of color to creatures. He expresses his shock that white individuals might be let go only at any rate, alongside a dead wild feline, perhaps, or a Bushman. Indeed, even the apparently tolerating Lena, in an attack of disappointment advises Outa to stop that mandrill language, suggesting that she considers him to be a being unequipped for human discourse, and in this way maybe unequipped for feeling human feeling. Nonetheless, journalists, for example, (Mbuyiseni Mtshali) in An Abandoned Bundle have decided not to unequivocally portray individuals regarding their race, and it could be contended this is because of the absence of need; the peruser will have the option to accept race from the conditions depicted. However, giving an almost certain other option, clarification likewise is found in the Suppression of Communism Act (1950) which is was in actuality the lawful choking of restriction to the politically-sanctioned racial segregation government2. Others, for example, Herman Bosman, who, in the expressions of Christopher Heywood has a light touch in any event, when managing overwhelming issues3, address the shameful acts of racial perspectives in a progressively unobtrusive manner. In Makapans Caves Lourens seems to have destructive racism4 when grouping individuals of color with a cows devastating disease (I would never comprehend why [the Almighty] made the kaffir and the rinderpest). It ought to maybe be noted here that the utilization of the word kaffir, albeit absolutely unsuitable in todays society, would not really have raised even the most liberal eyebrows in 1930. In any case, Lourens is viewed as bigot on the grounds that regardless of challenging desire put on him via thinking about Hendrik, Nongaas is lethally injured in light of the fact that Lourens naturally accept him to be the foe because of his race. Despite the fact that these pictures of bigotry have made Bosmans stories disliked to a cutting edge readership, I feel that to take this view is to in a general sense misconstrue the story separation among Bosman and Lourens. In most by far of Bosmans stories, unequivocal authorial intercession is constrained solely to the Oom Schalk Lourens said which accentuates each storys prefatory explanation. This authorial marker is an essential apparatus since it promptly builds up a partition among creator and narrator. Politically-sanctioned racial segregation has caused divisions farther than a straightforward dark/white partition however, saturating gatherings of comparable ethnicity. Marico Scandal presents a white man pursued from his home by the locals shocking story. The sibilance of the portrayal underscores the pernicious idea of the comments made by the Marico ranchers. The exceptional activity taken by Koos Deventer to stop Gawie engaging with Francina causes Gawie to leave Drogevlei and the Groot Marico for ever. This shows the gravity of the allegation of being blended race and the social shame appended to such a name. Lamentably, his lover Francina is disregarded and pregnant something considered stunning because of the profoundly Christian viewpoint in South Africa clarifying Francinas harsh, deliberately monosyllabic statements that Gawie is white He is as white as I am. So also, in Fugards play, in spite of Lenas sympathetic endeavors to identify with Outa, Boesman strengthens the differentiation between the shaded status and the old keeps an eye on second rate social standing; hes not earthy colored individuals, hes individuals of color. To Boesman Outa is useless and ought to have been a weight to his own class, Go bite the dust in your own reality! It is frequently overlooked, nonetheless, that the Whitemans personality is additionally predefined, and he excessively can't transform it. While Fugard was watching a dark lady walk like a somnambulist alongside the Swartkops waterway only north of the city one sharply cool July in 1968, he understood that to her, he and his allies were only white men5. Fugard, who was a poor white man himself, figures out how to get his own character across by writing in an exceptionally South African expression, which reflects both the vulnerability and the capability of his way of life by blending English, Afrikaans and some of the time African discourse. An ear for lingo is one of Fugards qualities, and we are helped to remember class markers in his own discourse that find him in the oppressed communities6. While whites don't seem to endure to the degree of shaded and individuals of color in Fugards delineation, except for baas Robbie, they are restricted the advantage of personality. This may mirror the absence of cooperation whites had with Boesman or Lena (who as minorities individuals were not permitted to have land in a white zone), anyway I feel it is bound to be deliberate incongruity, turning the work of generalizations utilized by whites onto them. The nonappearance of names was an element of the writing which struck me as impactful. The sonnet To a Small Boy who Died at Diepkloof Reformatory portrays a little youngster, with the similar sounding word usage gracious lost and forlorn one underlining the childs powerlessness and disconnection. However regardless of the sonnet being composed as an immediate funeral poem to him, the kid is never given a name. This seems, by all accounts, to be a reflection by Alan Paton on the far off, heartless nature of the South African equity framework. The depiction of judges, justices lice, and sociologists,/Kept moving and alive by your wrongdoing presents self-serving, degenerate authorities bomb the abused little youngster. Without a doubt the utilization of the inconclusive an in the title was planned, and could infer that this disaster is in no way, shape or form disengaged (in like manner with the title of the sonnet An Abandoned Bundle). The indistinguishable here is the previous both the archive of birth and endorsement of Death exhibit the quickness and inconsequentiality of the young men life according to the indifferent assistants. Paton seems to regret the absence of feeling passed on in the report of birth while for the requirements of society the straightforward where and when may do the trick, the artist understands that these realities disregard the remarkable parts of the childs life and personality, seeing it as progressively significant whether he felt bliss or distress. Sexual orientation is another issue which has weight with respect to personality. All racial and ethnic gatherings in South Africa have long-standing convictions concerning sex jobs, and most depend on the reason that ladies are less significant and subordinate men. As Albert Wetheim comments, Lena is doubly minimized for she is as a shaded, exploited by whites as a lady, defrauded by a male and the attack of his fists7 besides Lena has been not able to satisfy her job as a lady, that of the youngster conveyor. An existence of hardship and dissemination has seemingly stripped Lena of really positive feeling and when later conversing with Outa she mourns once youve put your life on your head and strolled you never get light again. There are

Japanese Women in Meiji Period Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Japanese Women in Meiji Period - Essay Example Meiji period speaks to an age in Japanese history wherein one generous change was completed after the other for the advancement of the Japanese society. Students of history concur that the Meiji time in Japanese history introduced a progression of enormous changes that were to achieve an improvement in Japanese society. Apparently, in spite of the fact that, the Meiji government tried to improve the circumstance for ladies in Japan, it couldn't adjust crucial impacts. In this way, in spite of a development towards liberation, more prominent equity and opportunity for ladies in Japan was to hold up until the finish of the war. It is clear, that in spite of the fact that remainders of the Tokugawa thinking and principal impacts from old Japan proceeded into the Meiji time frame, procedures of change and endeavors for change quickened into the Meiji time. A specific development towards the more prominent liberation of ladies in the Japanese society of the Meiji period is evident. In any case, an articulated change was just conceivable after the war when Japan was to give up. Regardless of the changes of the Meiji time, abuse dependent on class contrasts, monetary destitution and the imbalance of the genders had proceeded in Japan. A nation in a period that had seen poor laborers offering their little girls to houses of ill-repute without state mediation couldn't be a populist society. Therefore, a blend of elements identified with custom, financial disparity and class contrasts had brought about a specific resistance among certain quarters. Despite the fact that the Meiji government tried to improve the circ umstance, it couldn't drastically adjust the disparities in the general public or change the Japanese attitude. Just a significant transformation after the war made it workable for additional positive change to happen.

Positivity in Your Job Search Will Get You Farther Than You Think

Positivity in Your Job Search Will Get You Farther Than You Think Perhaps you’ll identify with me when I say I can’t stand hearing anyone complainâ€"except for myself. That said, even my tolerance for my own complaints has plummeted in the last few years. As soon as I start complaining in a conversation, I know I’ve made a big mistake. I leave the interaction feeling horrible, sure the person I was talking to will never want to talk to me again. Last week, while reading AJ Jacobs’ The Guinea Pig Diaries, I learned something new about the impact of my complaining or criticizing. I was shocked to discover a phenomenon that makes people really and truly think poorly of me when I speak poorly of others. You Are What You Speak It turns out that not only are complainers seen as negative, but that the characteristics they attribute to others are automatically attributed to them by their listener. So if I call someone racist, the person listening to me will unconsciously dub me a racist. If I call someone stupid or incompetent, I will be seen as stupid and incompetent. In contrast, if I talk about how nice, helpful, talented, and all-around awesome people are, listeners will associate all those positive characteristics with me. Since learning about this mind mechanism, I’ve become much more conscious of my speech. I now understand that by using negative language, I’m risking not only that people will have a generally negative feeling about me, but also that they will make specific negative judgments that I certainly don’t want attached to me. By using more positive words, I can consciously shape the way people think of me. I recently had a conversation with one of my executive clients, who had been given the runaround, then turned away by another resume writing company, because they don’t work with “Muslim terrorists.” I can assure you this man is one of the most generous and kind people you would ever want to meet. He did not have anything negative to say about that company, and he chose not to report them to the BBB or even tell LinkedIn to investigate their profiles. He figured he could stay positive, and let them dig their own graves. If they are putting out that negativity into the world, they themselves will be seen as negative. Positive Language in Your Job Search Also last week, I saw a resume that spoke of bringing together often “fractious” staff. The word “fractious” appeared twice in one resume! Guess what anyone reading that resume will think of the applicant? Yep… that he himself is the fractious one. His final resume will not include that word if I have anything to say about it. Instead, he will say that he fostered teamwork in a diverse, multi-cultural environment. That sounds much better doesn’t it? While it’s important in many cases to provide a “before and after” picture to highlight your accomplishments, putting people down will never serve you. You can talk about bringing negative profits to positive ones, but don’t let the negative adjectives spill over onto people.  (Learn more about creating compelling accomplishment bullets with my DIY resume books. Sign up here to get a free excerpt!) In job interviews as well, I can’t emphasize enough the importance of staying positive. I still remember an interview I gave when I was a manager in a legal department. The interviewee had an impressive background, but in her interview, almost every word out of her mouth was about the negative aspects of her prior employment. Needless to say, she didn’t get hired. If she had been more positive, we would have considered her. In Business Insider’s 29 Words You Should Never Say in a Job Interview, here’s what author Jacquelyn Smith says about some clearly damaging words you must avoid: Terrible, horrible, awful, hate, etc. You shouldnt use negative language during your interview â€" especially when youre talking about your current or previous boss or employer. Even if the interviewer invites you to,  dont, Hoover says. Its not classy, and it  will make you sound bitter and petty. It also shows that you could bad-mouth any boss or company in the future â€" and it could even be a test to see if you will say anything disparaging. That’s great advice, and now I understand that if you use words like these, you will actually be perceived as terrible, horrible, awful, hating person. While Ms. Smith doesnt suggest positive words to emphasize, I would offer “exciting,” “growthful,” “positive,” “amazing,” “collaborative,” “talented,” “friendly,” “smart,” “brilliant,” “creative,” “innovative,” and other adjectives that paint others â€" and, by default, you â€" in a favorable light. The Challenge, If You Choose to Accept It Eliminating negative language is not as easy as it sounds. I caught myself today talking to a very helpful man at the airport about how unhelpful a customer service person had been because she gave me directions to the hotel shuttle that didn’t help. “Wow,” I thought, “I’m addicted to complaining!” There was clearly no useful purpose in sharing that information with him, and now he probably thinks I’m negative and unhelpful. I sure have a lot more work to do on this positivity project! I’m grateful to have people like my client and others who inspire me to live and work “above the line.” They keep me honest and, well, I think they’re fantastic and awesome! Are you ready to start being more aware of your language so you can be perceived in a positive light yourself, in life, in business, and in your job search? Please share your thoughts and stories below.

How The Strength And Bmd Is Maintained - 1531 Words

How optimum bone strength and BMD is maintained Bone remodeling is a five-stage process. Bone is renewed to prevent accumulation of micro-damage and maintain bone strength and BMD (Burr, 2002) (See figure1): 1. Alteration in mechanical loading and micro-fracture is sensed by osteocytes. In response, bone-resorbing factors are released, activating bone-lining cells, which interact with pre-osteoclasts. The interaction stimulates pre-osteoclasts fusion and differentiation into multinucleated osteoclasts (Rucci, 2008) 2. Osteoclasts secrete matrix metalloproteinase and hydrogen ions via ATPase proton pumps into the area being reabsorbed, in order to lower the pH and digest the organic matrix. The osteoclasts then undergo apoptosis 3. Resorption ceases as mononuclear monocytes and macrophages replace osteoclasts to remove debris (Eriksen, 1986; Joseph Berstein, 2014). 4. Pre-osteoblasts are recruited by cytokines: transforming growth factor beta, insulin growth-like factors, fibroblast growth factors and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) (Hock et al, 2004). The actions of BMPs cause pre-osteoblasts to differentiate into osteoblasts (Monolagas, 2000). Osteoblasts then secrete bone matrix proteins: type-I collagen, osteocalcin, proteoglycans, growth factors and glycoproteins into the resorption pits (Nair et al, 1996). Approximately 50% of osteoblasts then undergo apoptosis and the remaining become embedded osteocytes or bone lining cells. 5. The matrix is later mineralizedShow MoreRelatedFactors That Caused The Onset Of Her Disease?2123 Words   |  9 Pagessuch as dates for all occurrences and personal medical history, allowing better insight, to possible secondary causes of osteoporosis (OP). b. Diet and exercise are pivotal in the maintenance of bone mass density (BMD), there now several bisphosphonates that can be used to improve BMD. 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Inspirational People Biography of Dr Martin Luther King Jr

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is often viewed as a symbol of value that the society need to embrace as he led an honest and just life. He inspired individuals by his sermons, speeches and marches to lead a truthful life. This is because he followed his heart to achieve his dream of making the world a better place regardless of ones race. He went to a local public school that was segregated with a keen dedication to learning and achieve his best. He attended Morehouse college when he was 15years and graduated in the year 19488. King later joined Croezer Theological Seminary graduating with honors. He was a man of big dreams and went to school again to get a doctoral degree majoring in systematic theology in the year 1955. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. as an inspirational leader During his years in school education, he learnt the significance of public speaking that enabled him to express himself fluently and encourage his listeners. He not only spoke with a reason and a unique style not used by many people. This helped him to be an inspirational speaker as well as a motivational leader. He was ordained and made a minister of the Baptist church in Montgomery City in Alabama. This made him realize the degree of racism in the South. Dr. King was a witness to the racial activities directed towards the black people and felt things had to change. His election as the new president of Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) gave him the opportunity toShow MoreRelatedDifferences Between Martin Luther King and Malcolm X Essay805 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the 1960’s Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X represented two sides of the Civil Rights Movement. 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Analytical report on the sustainability of the London 2012 Olympic games Free Essays

string(151) " six main achievements that have arisen from the Games: The Olympic Park; Carbon management; Sustainable transport; Food vision; Waste; and Standards\." Executive summary This report presents a discussion of the sustainability plan developed for, and implemented during, the 2012 Olympic Games held in London. The sustainability plan was governed by five main themes: climate change; waste; biodiversity; inclusion; and healthy living (London 2012, 2012). The aim with regards to climate change was to deliver a low carbon Games in order to be able to showcase the ability of London 2012 to respond to the need to minimise our impact on the environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Analytical report on the sustainability of the London 2012 Olympic games or any similar topic only for you Order Now The aim with regards to waste was to deliver a zero-waste Games. The aim for biodiversity was to conserve biodiversity and to create new green spaces across London, which would enable people to be brought closer together through both sport and Nature. With regards to inclusion, the aim of London 2012 was to be the most inclusive Olympic Games to date, with the Games being used as an opportunity to develop the region of London in which the Games was held. With regards to healthy living, the aim of the Games was to inspire people in the UK to become more motivated to exercise and to take up sport, through this developing more active and healthy lifestyles (Girginov and Hills, 2008). In order to provide a framework for the achievement of these five themes, the sustainability plan was divided in to five main aspects, each of which will be discussed in detail in the next section of the report: Local community work; Our responsibility; Food vision; Active travel; and Recycling. Overview of the sustainability plan put forward by the organisers of the London 2012 Olympics As London 2012 (London 2012, 2012) state, â€Å"When we bid to host the 2012 Games, we made a radical proposal to the International Organising Committee†¦we were going to hold the world’s first truly sustainable Olympic and Paralympic Games†. The Olympic 2012 organising committee sat down with BioRegional and the WWF to develop a plan called Towards a One Planet 2012 which outlined how the Olympic Games 2012 could be made as sustainable as possible, guided by the idea that the â€Å"†¦world should live within it’s means† (London 2012, 2012). The sustainability plan that was developed has five main areas of consideration entitled climate change; waste; biodiversity; inclusion; and healthy living. These were implemented via five main approaches: local community work (inclusion and biodiversity); our responsibility (inclusion); food vision (climate change and waste); active travel (healthy living); and recycling (waste). These five areas were develo ped through consultation across four main areas, all of which related directly to those attending the Games or watching the Games on the television, namely the venues, travel, food and waste (London 2012, 2012). As London 2012 (2012) state, â€Å"All our venues were designed to ensure that all the athletes perform to the best of their ability whilst pushing the boundaries of sustainability knowledge and design†, with all the venues being designed – or remodelled – on the basis of the venues leaving a sustainable legacy for future generations. With regards to travel, London 2012 (2012) note that the most important consideration was to enable the millions of spectators – and the thousands of participants – to be able to reach the venues on time and for the Games to be used as an opportunity to educate the population about sustainable travel, including the benefits of using public transport, walking and cycling. With regards to food, the organisers of the Games worked very closely with the food industry in order to be able to bring ethical and sustainable food to the Games. Waste was another major consideration of the organising committee, with the organising committee aiming to send none of the extra waste generated during the Games to landfill (London 2012, 2012). The five areas will now be discussed in detail. ‘Local community work’, as London 2012 (2012) detail, was based around a specially created outreach program called Changing Places, with the specific aims of encouraging inclusion and preserving and increasing biodiversity (London 2012, 2007). This program aimed to encourage people to get out in to their local community to effect positive changes in their community, changes that would make the communities more attractive to residents and to visitors. The main aims of the ‘Local community work’ area of the London 2012 sustainability plan were to inspire communities to improve their public spaces; to enable people from communities to become more united and to develop new skills and interests; and to improve the quality of the neighbourhoods around London 2012 venues, with a view to not only improving the visitor experience but providing an opportunity for long-term positive changes in the aesthetics of these comm unities. The program was begun in 2009 and, since that date, as London 2012 (2012) note, there have been more than 6000 volunteers who have signed up to help, with over 15,000 hours of volunteer time having been given to the program. More than 15 tonnes of waste have been removed from communities near the Olympic venues and over 7000m of community gardens have been created across 250 sites, with 2000 square metres of graffiti having been removed from walls in these communities. As London 2012 (2012) discuss, this represents a massive commitment from local communities who have felt the impact on the environment of their local communities, making these local communities more attractive and increasing the sense of pride that local residents take in their communities. With regards to the ‘Our responsibility’ area of the sustainability plan, London 2012 (2012) notes that â€Å"Sustainability has been a part of every bold and challenging decision we have made in the development of the Olympic Park and the staging of the Games†. This area fits within the main ‘Inclusion’ theme of the London 2012 sustainability plan. The Games were not only a success but the preparation for the Games has meant that London has, â€Å"†¦changed†, with the sustainability plan, â€Å"†¦.changing the way we impact people, industry and the planet† (London 2012, 2012). As London 2012 (2012) note, within the framework of ‘Our responsibility’, there are six main achievements that have arisen from the Games: The Olympic Park; Carbon management; Sustainable transport; Food vision; Waste; and Standards. You read "Analytical report on the sustainability of the London 2012 Olympic games" in category "Essay exampl es" The Olympic Park features the most sustainable sports venue ever built, with 60% of construction materials for the Park having been brought to the site by rail or river, thus minimising the pollution that the transport of these materials caused. As Collins et al. (2009) note, however, it can be difficult to accurately measure the impact of mega sporting events on the local area, both in the short- and long-term. It is difficult, therefore, to know how London 2012 managed to assess, in quantitative terms, the reduction in pollution generated as a result of moving materials in this way and whether this reduction was maintained during the actual hosting of the Games. In terms of carbon management, London 2012 was the first Olympic Games to measure it’s carbon footprint across the whole Games, with the analysis of this footprint enabling decisions to be made about how to avoid, reduce and substitute carbon emissions in London in future (London 2012, 2012). Sustainable transport wa s a major concern of the organising committee, with the committee committing to achieving 100% sustainable transport across the duration of the Games. This was achieved through the ‘Supporting Active Travel’ plan, which will be discussed later in the report. Regarding ‘Food vision’, which fits within the ‘Healthy living’, ‘Waste’ and ‘Biodiversity’ themes of the sustainability plan, London 2012 represented the â€Å"†¦largest peacetime catering operation in the world† with the delivery of food using ethical and sustainable principles meaning that the Games delivered 14 million sustainably sourced meals to visitors and participants. ‘Waste’ was treated as a fundamental issue that needed to be tackled if the Games were to be delivered sustainably, with the overall aim of London 2012 to achieve ‘zero-waste-to-landfill’ and the Games actually achieving an overall 98.5% reuse and 99% recycling of all materials from the Games (London 2012, 2012). In terms of ‘Standards’, London 2012 were the first Olympic organising committee to be certified to the British Standard 8901: Specification for a Sustainability Management Systems for Events (London 2012, 2012). Under the area of ‘Food vision’, the London 2012 organising committee made certain commitments, including a commitment to deliver choice, diversity and affordable prices to visitors in terms of the food that would be available for them to buy at the Games (London 2012, 2012). It was also noted that the food that was sold was healthy, this being a key consideration of the organising committee in view of their commitment to the Games being used as a showcase to encourage people in the UK to become more active and, through this, healthier. To achieve these broad aims, five aspects of food vision were considered: food safety and hygiene; choice and balance; food sourcing and supply chains (with local food being given precedence); environmental management, resource efficiency and waste (with food providers being encouraged to use recyclable packaging); and skills and education (London 2012, 2012). One major aspect of the food vision was the decision to use only fish caught or farmed sustainably, this inspiring the naming of London as the Sustainable Fish City in 2011 (London 2012, 2012). With regards to active travel area of the sustainability plan, which fits in the ‘Healthy living’ theme of the sustainability plan (London 2012, 2007), this will be discussed in more detail in the next section of the report. The ‘recycling’ area of the sustainability plan was an important aspect of the plan, constituting the main concern of the ‘Waste’ theme of the plan (London 2012, 2007), the organising committee encouraging the food providers at the Games to use compostable packaging and for all visitors to recycle wherever possible. In terms of the non-recyclable rubbish generated during the Games, the organising committee placed designated black bins around the venues, the material going in to these bins was then used to produce electricity, which was then pumped back in to the Games. Overall, then, the five areas of the sustainability plan were well thought out and delineated in such a way that each area supported each other area, providin g an overall plan for sustainability that was not only comprehensive but also, and importantly, highly practical (Girginov et al., 2009; Davies, 2012). It can be argued that it was the practical nature of the sustainability plan that led to its aims being achieved across all five areas of the plan (Nichols, 2012; Horne, 2012). Detailed review of ‘active travel’ As London 2012 (2012) discusses, one of the main aims of the sustainability plan was to encourage UK society, in general, to become more active, to undertake more exercise and, through this, to become healthier as a whole. As Devine (2012) discusses, the Government, as part of the planning for the Olympic Games, organised this aim in to four areas of focus, aiming, through this, to, â€Å"†¦harness the UK’s passion for sport to increase grass-roots participation, particularly by young people and encourage the whole population to be more physically active†. With this in mind, the sustainability plan included, as one of the five main areas, the idea of ‘Active travel’, which aimed to encourage visitors to the Games to walk and cycle more often and, as a result of this, and education surrounding this idea, to encourage people in the UK to walk and cycle more often. The Active travel program was developed to encourage people to adopt healthier lifestyles, with this not only offering a way to improve the overall health of the population – and therefore having a public health perspective – but also easing the burden on public transport and on the road network during the London 2012 event (London 2012, 2012). As part of this framework, the London 2012 Inspire Programme was set up which aimed to encourage more walking and cycling. In the run up to the Games, 60 Inspire programmes were set up, with the lessons learned from these pilot projects being consolidated and turned in to plans to effect real changes in the choice of transportation across the UK as a whole (Horne, 2012). As London 2012 (2012) noted, â€Å"By creating a positive experience for people walking and cycling to the Games, London 2012 and Transport for London hope people will continue to choose to walk and cycle in the future, both for every day trips and to future sporting and cultural events†. It is clear, then, that the London 2012 organising committee has a serious commitment to using the lessons learned during London 2012 to improve the health of the general populace beyond the 2012 Games. As London 2012 (2007; 47) states, â€Å"Living healthy lifestyles within the resources of the planet, is an essential element of working towards a one planet 2012†, with healthy living being tightly linked to other aspects of the sustainability plan, including access to green spaces, healthy food and active travel. If more green spaces are available, for example, as a result of the quest for community involvement and the commitment to restore and create more biodiversity spots across London, then people will be more inclined to get outside and be healthy. Once people start to feel healthier, their bodies ask for healthier food. As Shipway (2007) notes, it can be difficult, however, to determine what the sustainable legacies of an event such as London 2012 might be, in terms of health. Whilst the Games had a unique opportunity to deliver sustainable sporting and health legacies, there are many key challenges that need to be overcome before these legacies can have any short- or long-term impacts. What is needed, argues Shipway (2007), is a â€Å"†¦positive step change in the attitudes towards sport and physical activity in British society†. Until this is achieved, it is difficult to see how the ‘active travel’ legacy of the London 2012 sustainability plan can be achieved. As Dickson and Benson (2011) note, what is needed, in reality, is some form of metric that could enable the measurement of the degree of implementation of these desired legacies and the impact of the desired legacies on the local area and beyond. Without this, as Dickson and Benson (2011) note, the sustainability pla n put forwards by London 2012 is simply talk with no substance (Leopky and Parent, 2012). Closer links to local and regional planning activities could, for example, have ensured a greater likelihood of achieving, and sustaining, the aims of ‘active travel’ (Gratton and Preuss, 2008). A short opinion survey of ‘active travel’ A short survey was undertaken of GSM London students, in order to find out their opinions on the active travel ideas in the London 2012 sustainability plan. As shown in Table 1, of the twenty students interviewed, none of them had realised that the London 2012 Games had been accompanied by a sustainability plan. Number of students who knew the London 2012 Olympics had a sustainability planNumber of students who did not know that the London 2012 Olympics had a sustainability plan 020 Table 1: Showing the number of students who were aware of the London 2012 sustainability plan When the respondents were asked if they could imagine what this plan might have included, eighteen of the students said they were not sure, with one mentioning that they thought the plan might include ‘minimising impacts on climate change’ and another mentioning ‘encouraging less waste’. Of the twenty students that were interviewed, all twenty of them had been in London at the time of the Games but only three of them had visited an event during the London 2012 Games. Asked for their opinion of the London 2012 Games, twelve of them responded that tickets for the events were too expensive and that the transport had been ‘a nightmare’ around the time of the Games, with the seven students who travel by public transport saying that they had become tired, during the Games, of having to help tourists find their routes and of having to stand because the bus/Tube they usually used was very full during the duration of the Games. Two of the students interviewed said that they had taken to using a bike, during the Games, because of the crowding on public transport, and that, as they had enjoyed the experience so much, and felt so much healthier when they used their bike to get to their place of study, they had continued to use their bike since the Games. When asked if they would recommend using a bike to their peers, both of these students stated that, yes, they had recommended using a bike to friends and that, between them, six other students had now started cycling to their place of study, rather than using public transport. When asked whether they felt the London 2012 planning committee had been successful in their mission to encourage the use of active transport to move around the Games, the twenty students replied that they had not realised this was an aspect of the sustainability plan of the London 2012 Games. When told that it was, and that the main aim of this was to encourage people in the UK, in general, to be healthier, the twenty students seemed perplexed by this idea, stating that they were unsure if this would work, as they had not even heard of the sustainability plan and certainly had not seen any adverts encouraging people to use active transport during the Games. It was clear from the short opinion survey undertaken that the twenty students interviewed were not very well informed of the sustainability plan of London 2012 nor of the specific parts of this plan, nor of the fact that Londoners, and people in the UK in general, were being asked to use active transport, following the model of this piloted during the London 2012 Games. It seems, therefore, that from this small sample of people, the London 2012 organising committee were not very successful in transmitting their grand ideas to the general populace. Conclusion This report has provided an analysis of the sustainability plan of the London 2012 Games, looking at the main themes in the plan and how these themes were implemented. The results of a short survey were presented which suggest that, despite the fact that London 2012 were very successful in implementing some of their plans (such as those covering waste and food), they were not so successful in educating the public about the benefits of engaging in active transport. References Collins, A., Jones, C., and Munday, M. (2009). Assessing the environmental impacts of mega sporting events: two optionsTourism Management 30(6), 828-837. Davies, L.E. (2012). Beyond the Games: regeneration legacies and London 2012. Leisure Studies 31(3), 309-337. Devine, C. (2012). London 2012 Olympic legacy: a big sporting societyInternational Journal of Sport Policy and Politics DOI: 10.1080/19406940.2012.656674. Dickson, T.J. and Benson, A. (2011). Developing a framework for evaluating Olymic and Paralympic legacies. Journal of Sport and Tourism 4, 285-302. Girginov, V. and Hills, L. (2008). A sustainable sports legacy: creating a link between the London Olympics and sports participation. International Journal of the History of Sports 25(14), 2091-2116. Girginov, V. et al. (2009). The political process of constructing a sustainable London Olympics sports development legacy. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 1(2), 161-181. Girginov, V. (2012). Governance of the London 2012 Olympic Games legacy. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 47, 543-558. Gratton, C. and Pruess, H. (2008). Maximising Olympic impacts by building up legacies. The International Journal of the History of Sport 25(14), 1922-1938. Horne, J. (2012). Leisure, culture and the Olympic Games. Leisure Studies 31(3), 261-263. Leopky, B. and Parent, M.M. (2012). Olympic Games legacy: from general benefits to long-term legacy. The International Journal of the History of Sport 29(6), 924-943. Leopky, B. (2013). The Governance of Olympic Games legacy. PhD thesis, Universite de Ottowa. Available from https://ruor.uottawa.ca/fr/handle/10393/23640 [Accessed 21st March 2013]. London 2012 (2007). Towards a one planet 2012. Available from http://www.sel.org.uk/uploads/London-2012-Sustainability-Plan.pdf [Accessed 22nd March 2013]. London 2012 (2012). Sustainability. Available from http://www.london2012.com/about-us/sustainability/ [Accessed 22nd March 2013]. Nichols, G. (2012). Olympic cities: 2012 and the remaking of London. Leisure Studies 31(3), 378-380. Shipway, R. (2007). Sustainable legacies for the 2012 Olympic Games. Perspectives in Public Health 127, 119-124. How to cite Analytical report on the sustainability of the London 2012 Olympic games, Essay examples

Your Decision Essays - Deception, Crimes, Perjury,

Your Decision Living in the world in which we live in today it is often very unusual to actually find and meet a person who one can trust and believe in completely. In today's society individual values such as honesty and integrity are often questionable in American people. In the United States people look at all the rights that they do have as citizens, and freedom of speech is one of those rights. This does not mean the freedom of speech when and whenever you would like to use it. It means that people in the United States are allowed to have opinions and publicly show those opinions, but it does not mean to lie. There are so many problems and difficulties in this world that people face each day that they often use perjury or common lying as a way of dealing with those problems. When speaking to a child, common questions like, "Did you do that?" or "Who did this?" are often asked. Probably the most popular answer given by any child would have to be, "I do not know," and "It was not me." Depending on the age of the child they most likely are not speaking the whole truth and a "little white" lie has been told. The extent of the "white" lies are determined and vary from family to family. Personally in my household those types of things were not tolerated and were brought to a halt at a very early age. In some places things like this go on and on progressing into an even bigger problem. Also, younger children like to test the extent of their parents limits, often seeing how far lying will actually get them. Perjury and lying are basically considered to be the same thing, except that the consequences for one could be more damaging and destructible than for the other. Webster's dictionary defines the term perjury as the act of giving false testimony while under oath. "Either a legal proceeding, as by a witness at a trial, or in legal matters in which an oath is authorized or required by law, as in an affidavit affecting title to property. In a legal proceeding, a mistatement by witness, made through in inadvetance or mistake, does not, however, constitute perjury. A violation of a promissory oath, such as the oath of office taken by a judge, does not warrant proscecution for perjury." Recently, numerous examples of perjury have been made public. The most talked about and well known case of recent history would have to be the trial concerning President William (Bill) J. Clinton, elected leader of the United States. This case has been majorly debated and has also been on the minds of many c oncerned Americans. For many realizing that a public figure such as President Clinton could be involved and may have committed the crime of perjury is unimaginable (Perjury). In the Clinton "scandal," President Clinton is being said to have committed the act of perjury by lying under oath that he did not have "sexual relations" with Ms. Moncia Lewisnsky, a former White House intern. In this case both Clinton and Lewisnsky have both accused each other as lying, thus allowing the truth to not fully come out. This case or "scandal", as some people call it, has been very emotional and embrassing to all of the parties involved, as well as all of the American people. As a crime perjury is dealt with in a very serious manner. Some individuals that have been convicted of perjury have served anywhere from two years to twenty years in jail. If committing the act perjury, many consequences can happen. Examples of consequences in cases are house arrest, revoking of medical or professional licenses, and community service. In the case dealing with the President, a possible impeachment or revoction of office could have likely occurred. After months of trials, questions, and debating, charges were dropped and the whole ordeal is looked upon as forgotten, for some. For others this was a turning point to where our country is now heading. Perjury has become very rampid and a rapidly increasing problem. So how do we begin to deal with it? (Perjury)(The Historic and Religious View